Copenhagen, the largest city and capital of Denmark, is home to approximately 660,000 residents within the municipality and 1.4 million in the broader urban area.
Why did Copenhagen become the capital of Denmark?
In the early 10th century, a small hamlet existed in what is now the contemporary city of Copenhagen. This settlement was fortified with ramparts and moats, and in 1167, Bishop Absalon of Roskilde constructed a castle on the islet coast. This pivotal development led to Copenhagen becoming the capital of Denmark and the residence of the imperial family in 1445. The village faced frequent sackings during the civic and theological struggles of the Protestant Reformation.
Copenhagen's economic fortunes began to thrive in the later 16th century, resulting in the city's expansion. Significant landmarks such as the Brsen, Trinitatis Church, Holmens Church, the iconic Round Tower, and Rosenborg Castle were erected during this period. Copenhagen endured occupation for two years during Denmark's conflicts with Sweden in 1658-1660. The city faced devastation from fires in 1728 and 1795, and British forces shelled the area in 1807. The fortifications were eventually dismantled in 1856. Since then, the city has grown, incorporating most of the surrounding districts into its urban fabric.
Where is Copenhagen in Denmark?
Copenhagen is situated within the Øresund Region, encompassing Zealand, Lolland-Falster, and Bornholm in Denmark, along with Scania in Sweden. Positioned on the eastern shore of Zealand, it spans across the island of Amager and several natural and artificial islets in between. The city is bordered by the Øresund to the east, the strait that separates Denmark from Sweden and links the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. Directly across from Copenhagen on the Swedish side, one finds the Swedish city of Malmö and the town of Landskrona. In terms of distance, Copenhagen is 42 kilometers (26 miles) northwest of Malmö, Sweden, 85 kilometers (53 miles) northeast of Næstved, 164 kilometers (102 miles) northeast of Odense, 295 kilometers (183 miles) east of Esbjerg, and 188 kilometers (117 miles) southeast of Aarhus, accessible by sea and road via Sjællands Odde.
What was the old capital city of Denmark?
Roskilde, evolving as a central point along Viking land and sea trade routes more than a millennium ago, stands as one of Denmark's most ancient cities. It held the esteemed position of Denmark's capital from the 11th century until 1443. As early as the Middle Ages, backed by the patronage of kings and bishops, Roskilde had burgeoned into one of Scandinavia's paramount hubs. The name "Roskilde," signifying 'Ro's spring,' is associated with the legendary King Roar, believed to have possibly resided there in the 6th century, according to sources like Saxo Grammaticus and other early accounts.